MediumUndisclosed AI●Realized
Undisclosed AI interaction
Transparency & ExplainabilityDescription
Users are not told they are interacting with an AI system, breaching transparency obligations (e.g., EU AI Act Art. 50).
Example scenario
Customers believe they are chatting with a human agent, not the AI assistant.
Real-world evidence●Realized
Multiple government-run algorithmic decision systems have caused documented large-scale harm due to inadequate human review or override mechanisms, resulting in parliamentary inquiries, court rulings, and policy reversals. These are confirmed production failures, not experiments.
Primary mitigations
- Clear AI disclosure at start of interaction
- persistent labelling
- opt-out to human.
Detection signals
Disclosure-presence audits; user-comprehension testing.
Mitigating controls
4 Non-agentic controls